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January 18, 2014 by Nukewatch Leave a Comment

Radioactive Waste Truck Burns In Ohio

Nukewatch Quarterly Winter 2013-2014

A truck started on fire on Aug. 22, on Interstate-75 near Troy, Ohio. The cargo consisted of 12,000 kilograms of uranium hexafluoride, a radioactive heavy metal that turns into hydrogen fluoride (UF6) — an extremely corrosive and caustic gas — if it comes into contact with water or water vapor. In spite of the hazards posed by the radioactive cargo, the trucking company, RSB Logistic, of Saskatoon, was more worried about media exposure than radiation. The UF6 was in route from Cameco in Port Hope, Ontario, to Kentucky. In spite of the potential for wide-spread contamination, no rules exist in the US or in Canada mandating that the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission or the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission be informed of the incident. 

Brian Hanson of Alberta, Canada, was driving the truck when the brakes ignited. Hanson doused the fire using an extinguisher but didn’t get it completely extinguished. He drove for two miles with reignited flames shooting out of the truck before exiting the highway. At that point, with half the truck on fire, Hanson disconnected the cab from the trailer knowing that the UF6 is heat activated. The fire burned the hair off of Hanson’s arms as he uncoupled the rig. An Ohio Traffic Crash Report said the right side tires, fenders, mud flaps, air hoses, sleeper compartment and passenger side of the cab were destroyed by the fire. 

Hanson is quoted in the Toronto Star saying, “We’re so programmed and told about the danger of a load, and the media danger. We’re basically taught that the media’s like terrorism. We’re supposed to do everything we can to avoid media.” 

Hanson and his wife had to find their own way home from Ohio while RSB Logistic sent a new cab and driver to complete the shipment to Kentucky. 

Canada’s Nuclear Safety Commission absolved itself of all responsibility since the truck started burning in the US. US regulators say it was Ohio’s responsibility. Neither Ohio’s Bureau of Radiation Protection or state emergency management agency had been informed of the truck fire. 

The Toronto Star reported on Nov. 15 that one in seven trucks carrying radioactive materials are pulled off the road after inspection by the Ontario ministry of transportation. Faulty brakes, load security, flat tires, falsified logs, faulty air lines and lack of driver training are among the problems discovered during inspections. 

— Toronto Star, Oct. 31 & Nov. 15; Nuclear Street News Team, Nov. 1, 2013

Filed Under: Environment, Newsletter Archives, Quarterly Newsletter, Radiation Exposure, Radioactive Waste

January 18, 2014 by Nukewatch Leave a Comment

Italy’s Illegal Dumping Linked to Cancers 

Nukewatch Quarterly Winter 2013-2014

Nukewatch Quarterly has reported previously on illegal dumping of toxic waste by the Italian Mafia. Now, the environmental group Legambiente reports that about 31,000 environmental crimes were committed in 2010, and nearly half involved illegal disposal of radioactive and industrial waste. The majority of the waste was dumped in Campania, a region around Naples — Italy’s third largest city — and sadly the repercussions of this unregulated dumping are registering in the form of an increased number of cancers reported around the dumping area. 

The Italian Senate has begun an investigation into the rise in the number of tumors being diagnosed in Campania. The BBC reports, “Two decades ago doctors noticed that the incidence of cancer in towns around Naples was on the rise. Since then, the number of tumors found in women has risen by 40%, and those in men by 47%.” 

The details of the illegal dumping came to light when ex-Mafia boss Carmine Schiavone was overcome with guilt at the environmental damage he was causing and decided to turn informant. Schiavone turned on his cousin Francesco Schiavone — the head of Camorra, a secret society of criminals loosely based in Naples — and revealed that the mafia family had disposed of contaminated waste all over Southern Italy. They dumped in Lake Lucrino, coastal areas, pastures and 520 drums of toxic waste were even buried in a specially dug quarry. The BBC reported that Legambiente has alleged that 30 or more ships, stuffed with radioactive waste, may have been sunk off the Calabrian coast in suspicious circumstances over the past 20 years. Schiavone also said that radioactive sludge was brought in on trucks from facilities in Germany and dumped haphazardly in landfills at night. Schiavone said, “We disposed of … millions and millions of tons.” 

— The Independent, June 8; BBC, Oct. 29; and The (London) Daily Mail, Nov. 1, 2013 — PVB 

Filed Under: Newsletter Archives, Quarterly Newsletter, Radiation Exposure, Radioactive Waste

October 18, 2013 by Nukewatch Leave a Comment

Cleanup or Cover-up: Japan’s Improvised Management of Reactor Meltdown Disaster Denied Ongoing Ocean Contamination 

Nukewatch Quarterly Fall 2013
By John LaForge 

On Aug. 20, Tepco acknowledged that 300 tons of highly radioactive water had leaked from one of at least five of the 1,000 storage tanks it has hastily constructed to hold contaminated water (top photo, below). The waste water is generated by the continuous watering-down of extremely hot uranium fuel that has melted through the bottom of three destroyed Fukushima reactors and the hot waste fuel rods stored for decades in the now earthquake-damaged cooling pools. 

Tepco also reported August 20 that measurements of radioactive tritium in seawater near reactor No. 1 are the highest ever recorded — higher than at the height of the company’s deliberate, last-resort dumping of 11,500 tons of primary reactor coolant directly into the ocean in March and April 2011. 

The water is poisoned with cesium, strontium, americium, tritium and other ferociously radioactive isotopes. Tepco says it has not found the spot in the 1,000-ton steel tank from which the water was still leaking, but was transferring the water from the bad tank and removing contaminated soil. 

The company estimated that the radioactivity in the 300 tons amounted to 24 trillion becquerels, or 80 million becquerels per-liter. Reuters interviewed professor emeritus Michiaki Furukawa of Nagoya University who said, “That is a huge amount of radiation. The situation is getting worse.” Hideka Morimoto, a spokesman for Japan’s Nuclear Regulation Authority, told the AP “We are extremely concerned.” 

The leaking tanks were constructed with rubber seams intended to last about five years, and were bolted together rather than welded. According to Tepco, 350 of the 1000 tanks were similarly built on the cheap rather than using welded joints which are more expensive and more watertight.

Continuous ocean contamination, unstoppable leaks 

Tepco’s August acknowledgement of major tank leaks came a month after the company’s belated admission that 300 tons of highly contaminated water have been pouring into the Pacific every day ever since the March 11, 2011 disaster began. These 300 tons of contaminated water per day amounts over 30 months to at least 270,000 tons of water-borne radionuclides, a hemorrhage that continues unabated. 

The company admitted it has no idea where the leaks are located. On July 26, Tepco president Naomi Hirose confessed, “If you asked whether we have adequately learned the lessons of the disaster, the answer would be that we haven’t.” 

The Tokyo daily Asahi Shimbun, reported last December that “A huge volume of highly radioactive water, used to cool down the fuel, has since been leaking from the reactor” and the sources of the leaks were unknown. 

Disaster “out of control” — Tepco executive 

Tepco executive Kazuhiko Yamashita, said Sept. 13, “I think the current situation is that it is not under control.” 

Yamashita’s blunt condemnation flatly contradicted Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe’s testimony to the International Olympic Committee, given a week earlier, in which the PM claimed “the situation is under control.”

Tank leaks pouring contaminated water into Pacific 

The unprecedented ocean contamination stems from the colossal power of the March 11, 2011 magnitude 9.0 Great Eastern Japan Earthquake — the worst in Japanese history — and the consequent 52-foot tsunami — which smashed the six-reactor Fukushima-Daiichi compound, causing explosions and three reactor meltdowns. 

The meltdowns began spewing a colossal amount of cesium, strontium, plutonium, iodine-131 and other deadly elements to the atmosphere and to the Pacific and in some respects never stopped doing so. 

The bizarre phenomenon of about 400 tons of contaminated groundwater running into the reactor buildings every day is a consequence of the giant quake and its destruction of the six-reactor complex’s underground infrastructure, piping, trenches, tanks and buildings. But because the company’s system of partial decontamination only filters about 100 tons of water per day, 300 tons are running through the destroyed reactor complex and into the Pacific. 

Millions of gallons of water are continuously being poured into the three wrecked reactors and into cooling pools that store tens of thousands of extremely hot and highly radioactive waste fuel rods (“spent fuel”). This cooling water along with groundwater is moving through the massive cracks, breaks and faults and spreading to the sea. 

The company has announced an improved, expensive, untested “freezing” of a one-mile-long section of ground that could block the run-off, but which will not be completed until 2015. It’s also injecting a chemical solution into the coastline embankment as a “solidifying” experiment.

From bad to worse 

In a front-page New York Times article September 4, Martin Fackler called the crisis a “worsening situation.” Fackler is the author of Credibility Lost: The Crisis in Japanese Newspaper Journalism After Fukushima. 

Long before Tepco made its August admission, the magazines Science and Nature reported (in October 2012) that the initial dispersal of radioactivity from Fukushima — both as atmospheric fallout and direct discharges to the Pacific — represented the largest accidental release of radiation to the ocean in history — ten to 100 times more than the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear catastrophe in Ukraine. Co-authored by oceanographer Ken Buesseler, a senior scientist at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in Massachusetts, the report said that contamination in fish in the area was so high that large, ongoing releases of radioactively contaminated water must be taking place. 

Buesseler’s allegations were denied for months by both Tepco and the Japanese government. Tepco rebuffed the information even after the chief of Japan’s federal nuclear watchdog agency said the site had probably been leaking contaminated water since the March 2011 disaster began. 

Tepco’s denials and delays have been condemned by experts in harsh terms. According to the Nation August 19, Dale Klein, a past chair of the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission blasted Tepco executives, “These actions indicate that you don’t know what you are doing, and that you do not have a plan.” 

Over 430,000 thousand tons of highly contaminated water is being stored in tanks at the site, as Tepco floods the reactors’ cores using an improvised system to cool the melted fuel. Water from the cooling scheme runs into basements and trenches that were cracked open by the earthquake and which have been leaking since the disaster began.

Tank farm radiation leaks at deadly levels 

Tepco said Sept. 3 that it detected a radiation level of 2,200 millisieverts-per-hour near one storage tank — up from a previous high of 1,800 millisievert/hr on August 31. Both levels are high enough to kill an unprotected person in a few hours. Tepco’s earlier radiation estimates of 100 milliseiverts/hr were highly inaccurate because, according Dr. Arjun Makhijani speaking on PBS News Hour, monitors used for the earlier reports maxed out at 100 milliseiverts per hour. 

Thousands of workers occupy the contaminated grounds doing remediation work. Tepco acknowledged in July that 11 times the number of its employees than it had earlier told the World Health Organization have been exposed to high levels of radiation. Tepco now says 10 percent of the workers are at risk of developing thyroid cancer.

Fish stocks contaminated 

With thousands of tons of contaminated water gushing from the reactors, the groundwater and from storage tanks, radioactive contamination is inexorably destroying the fishing industry in Eastern Japan. On September 5, South Korea banned all fish imports from a large area around Fukushima Prefecture. The news sent shock waves through a staggered fishing community that has already suffered several billion in losses. 

Fish of all kinds are being found contaminated with cesium-137 and iodine-131 from the ongoing contamination. In 2011, the Japanese allowed 2,000 becquerels-per kilogram (bq/kg) to contaminate seafood, vegetables, dairy products and mushrooms. In April 2012, the government tightened the limit to 100 bq/kg. 

In July, sea bass caught near Hitachi, Ibaraki, 55 miles southwest of Fukushima, were found contaminated at 1,037 bq/kg — 10 times the 100 bq/kg government limit. Last year, shipments of contaminated Pacific cod were halted by the government. Black sea bream caught 60 miles north of Fukushima had 3,300 bq/kg of cesium; greeling within 12 miles of the site were found with a record 25,800 bq/kg. Indeed, all bottom-feeding or demersal fish “consistently showed the highest counts” of cesium, said Ken Buesseler in a Science article last year. The demersal include cod, conger eel, flounder, halibut, pollock rockfish, skate and sole. 

Bad fish aren’t limited to Japanese water. Albacore tuna caught off Washington and Oregon last Oct., and Blue fin tuna off of California were also found contaminated with Fukushima cesium. 

Tepco has said it will take 40 years to containerize all the radioactive equipment, melted fuel, high level waste and waste water at the site. This is likely an underestimate, as owners of Wisconsin’s Kewaunee reactor have said it will take 40 years to decommission that unit which is undamaged.

Government limits on cesium poisoning allowed in food vary widely. Below in becquerels-per-kilogram, as of Dec. 27, 2011: 

Drinking water Milk General foodstuffs Baby food

Japan 10 50 100 50

United States 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200

European Union* 1,000 1,000 1,250 400

Codex (UN) 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000

*Only applied to items produced within the EU. When Japanese agricultural products are imported to the EU, Japan’s provisional limits are applied. Source: http://www.japanprobe.com/2011/12/27/japans-new-limits-for-radiation-in-food-20-times-stricter-than-american-and-eu-standards/

Filed Under: Environment, Newsletter Archives, Nuclear Power, Quarterly Newsletter, Radiation Exposure, Radioactive Waste

October 18, 2013 by Nukewatch Leave a Comment

Government Misstatements on Radiation Risk Assailed by Independent Scientific Group

Nukewatch Quarterly Fall 2013

“It is lamentable that the US government is not speaking with a coherent, science-based voice on the risks of radiation,” says the President of the IEER, Dr. Arjun Makhijani, on the group’s website. “There is no safe level of radiation exposure in the sense of zero risk. Period. This has been repeatedly concluded by official studies, most recently a 2006 study done by the National Academies. Yet there is no shortage of unfortunate official statements on radiation that may seek to placate the public about ‘safe’ levels of radiation, but actually undermine confidence.”

IEER, based in Takoma Park, Maryland, cites one statement in particlular by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission: “In general, a yearly dose of 620 millirem from all radiation sources has not been shown to cause humans any harm.”* This annual dose includes medical uses of radiation, including CAT scans, and other voluntary exposures from which people get some benefits. It also includes indoor radon, which the EPA estimates “is the number one cause of lung cancer among non-smokers…. Overall, radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer [after smoking]. Radon is responsible for about 21,000 lung cancer deaths every year. About 2,900 of these deaths occur among people who have never smoked.”**

Makhijani says, “While the NRC is saying the 620 millirem a year on average has not been shown to cause harm, the EPA says that about one-third of this total average annual dose is attributable to indoor radon, which is responsible for thousands of cancer deaths every year.”

“The NRC statement is an appalling misrepresentation of the science that underlies its own regulations as well as published statements on radon risks by the EPA,” Makhijani said. “Using the 2006 National Academies risk estimates for cancer, 620 millirem per year to each of the 311 million people in the United States would eventually be associated with about 200,000 cancers each year; about half of them would be fatal.”

Makhijani continued, “The largest risks by far are in Japan. The risks from Fukushima in the US, based on the limited data so far, appear to be very low at the individual level. But they are being experienced by large populations, as they were during Chernobyl fallout. More intensive measurements, a frank portrayal of both individual and population risks, for children and adults using National Academies risk numbers, and prompt publication are essential. If the government does not provide accurate, science-based, trustworthy information, how can people make well-informed decisions for themselves and their families at a confusing time?”

*http://www.nrc.gov/about-nrc/radiation/around-us/doses-daily-lives.html; **http://www.epa.gov/radon/healthrisks.html —JL

Filed Under: Newsletter Archives, Quarterly Newsletter, Radiation Exposure

October 18, 2013 by Nukewatch Leave a Comment

Profiteering Doctors Overusing Dangerous CT Scans

Nukewatch Quarterly Fall 2013

DAVIS, California — New research published in June’s American Medical Association journal Pediatrics suggests that one year’s worth of CT scanning in the United States “would produce 4,879 future cancers in children under 15.” Lead author Diana Migliorette, from the University of California, Davis, found that in seven US health care systems, four million CT scans were conducted on children under age 15 between 1996 and 2010. Averaging the dose of radiation delivered, the scientists found that as many as 25 percent (one million) of the children got 20 millisieverts or more from a single abdominal scan. A chest X-ray’s average dose is only 0.1 millisieverts. 

In a related shocker, Congressional investigators from the Government Accountability Office report that doctors with a financial interest in radiation treatment centers are “much more likely to prescribe such treatments for prostate cancer” than those without stock in the facilities. The GAO said that even though alternate treatments may be just as effective and less expensive, a similar pattern of docter-recommended but unnecessary scans is evident, “when doctors owned laboratories and imaging centers that billed Medicare for CT scans…” 

Senator Max Baucus, D-Montana, told the Times, “When you look at the numbers in this report, you start to wonder where health care stops and profiteering begins.” Representative Sander Levin, D-Michigan, said “this analysis confirms that financial incentives, not patients’ needs, are driving some referral patterns.” 

— New York Times, July 16 & Aug. 19; NationalPublic Radio, June 11, 2013

Filed Under: Newsletter Archives, Quarterly Newsletter, Radiation Exposure

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